Analysis of My Papas Waltz by Theodore Rothke Essay -- My Papas Walt

Analysis of My Papas Waltz by Theodore RothkeMy Papas Waltz is by Theodore Rothke it is closely a childhood memory written later in his life-timetime. Theodore Rothkes dad was an alcoholic drunk. Theodore Rothke went through a period where he was depressed and mentally unstable. Theodore Rothke was matter to by the nature of the world many of his poems were about this subject. Some people who read My Papa&s Waltz come to the conclusion that it is about a boozy abusive father. However, I think when he was writing this he was reminiscing about a good childhood memory from when he was around seven old age old.Theodore Rothke?s life was anything but ordinary. Not only alcoholism but also mental breakdowns through out the middle and later part of his life troubled Theodore Rothke. Roth...

Schizophrenia Essay -- Disorder Psychological Schizo essays

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is an extremely puzzling condition, the most chronic and disabling of the major mental illnesses. more or less one percent of the population develops schizophrenic psychosis during their lives. With the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms, the individual is said to be experiencing acute schizophrenia. Psychotic means step forward of touch with reality, or unable to separate real from unreal experiences.Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by loss of touch with reality, thought disorders, semblances, hallucination, and affective disorder. devil psychiatrists came up with two-different concept of schizophrenia. One of the psychiatrists was Emil Kraepelin. He came up with the theory of dementia praecox. Two major aspects of the disorder is a early onset and a innovative intellectual deterioration. He presented this concept in 1898 as The Diagnosis and Pronosis of Dementia Praecox. Eugene Bleuler another psychiatrists took the definition furthe r. From 1885 to 1897 he worked as a professor of psychiatry at the University of Zurich. His views were the opposite from Kraepelin theory. He believed that the disorder did not necessarily have an early onset and that it did not inevitably progress toward dementia. The differences between Kraepelin and BleulerKraepelin writings then fostered a narrow definition of schizophrenia and an emphasis on description. Bleulers work, in contrast, led to a broader concept of schizophrenias and a more pronounced theoretical emphasis. insane disturb though, perception and attention, motor behavior, emotion and life function. Thought disorder is one symptom of schizophrenia. This is when your thought and speech is delusion. There are several types of delusion of control, and hypochondriacally delusions. One of the most dramatic symptoms is hallucination. Hallucination is strange voices heard in the air. There are three types of hallucination aucible (repeated thoughts), arguing voices, and conn ecting voices. Affective symptoms is another theatre of schizophrenia. This is when they show no form of expression. Being happy on somebody misery or feeling sad on somebody happiness. Motor abilities of an schizophrenia is weird. This symptom is when theyre not aware of their actions. They can also stand or sit in a uncomfortable positions for a long menses of time. Recent studies... ...ange of outcomes is possible. A review of almost two thousand patients life histories suggests that twenty five percent secure full recobery, fifty percent date from at least partially, and twenty percent require long term care. When large groups of patients are studied, certain factors tend to be associated with a better outcome. The tuition of a variety of treatment methods and facilities is of crucial importance because schizophrenic patients vary greatly in their needs for treatment. With a wide variety of facilities available, mental health professional will be better able to tailor tre atment to the dfferent needs if individual patients. In conclusion, schizophrenia is a lost cause disease. We do not know why or how people get diagnose with this symptom. Not having the ability to know my actions is a scary thought. I couldnt speculate myself sitting in a restaurant in the middle of my meal. Suddenly have a strange loud outburst in front of my friends, date, or a business meeting. That would be stressful and embarrassing. As scientists learn more about the chronic disease, we should be able to help more schizophrenic patients achieve successful outcomes.

Edgar Degas :: Essays Papers

Edgar degasEdgar Degas was a French artist, some people would refer to him as the expert of drawing the kind-hearted figure in motion. He was known as an Impressionists, and was different from all the other artist of his type. Edgar Degas was a person who, at certain times, nervily defied propriety and common affable practice. Although he could be the nicest person, at times he would go into rages during social gatherings, becoming hostile with the people who disagreed with his ways and opinions. Edgar Degas was born on July 19, 1834, at Saint-Georges in Paris. His father was a French banker, and his mother was an American from New Orleans. While Degas was growing up his saint was the painter. He began his artistic studies with Louis Lamothes, a pupil of Ingres. After studying there he moved on and started classes at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. In 1854, he leave and went to Italy. For 5 years he stayed there and studied Italian art, mainly works. Edgar Degas was known as an Impres sionist. The Impressionist were artist who exhibited their works of art in independent shows from 1874 to 1886. It was the common desire to make an open forum for artist to show their work that united the group.The word Impressionist was created by the critic Louis Leroy subsequently seeing paintings in the first Impressionists exhibition in April of 1874. The name that Leroy gave his article in the French periodical was Charivari Exhibition of the Impressionists and sarcastically protected the smart style of painting that ignored details, bared brushstrokes, and put unblended colors beside each other. Just like most of the French public, Leroy did not take into regard the works by Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Edgar as art that deserved serious attention. In 1859 he returned to Paris. There he painted portraits of family and friends and many historical subjects, where he utilise both classical and romantic styles. In the late 1860s he switched to cont emporary themes, painting both theatrical scenes and portraits with big emphasis on social and intellectual implications of props and setting. Around 1868 Degas began to get recognized as an artist. During the early 1870s, the female became Degass favorite theme. In his studio he sketched from a live model and put poses together in groupings that illustrated rehearsal and performance scenes. In 1872 he visited some of his relatives in Louisiana, he painted The cotton fiber Exchange at New Orleans, which is his only picture that was aquired by a museum in his lifetime.

Memory Strategies Essay -- essays research papers

Memory Strategies 2AbstractThe research is demonstrating the use of memory strategy in an educational setting this study examines the use of chunking on telephone numbers by students on campus. There were a total of 40 students that participated, and they were split into dickens hosts consisting of 20 students per group. The control group apply chunking as their memory strategy for memorizing a reheel of 10 telephone numbers. In contrast, the experimental group has used no specific strategy to memorize the list of numbers that was given to them. Each group was given 15 minutes to memorize their list of 10 telephone numbers and they had 5 minutes to write it down on paper. People that used memory strategies has shown to thrust memorized more telephone numbers, than flock who dont use any memory strategy to return their list of numbers. Memory Strategies 3Memory Strategies and ChunkingPeople digest shown to have better recall on certain tasks when they use specific memory stra tegies. There are many types of strategies that people can use to improve their memory, moreover everyone has an effective strategy that suites them most. For activities involving memorizing a list of 10 telephone numbers, chunking would be the best method because it helps aids the sequence of numbers. People can remember about seven items give or take two, which is between five and nine items (Shiffrin, R. M., & Nosofsky, R. M. 1994). Theres a certain amount of items that everyone can warehousing in their short-term memory. Thats why its important for people to find an effective way of remembering all of the nurture. Relatively large amounts of information are contained in a small number of units by chunking items together into composite units (Bousfield, A. K., & Bousfield, W. A. 1966). A strategy like chunking can be used to break larger units into smaller ones, so people can have an easier way of comprehending the information that is given to them. This process of separating the items can help a person learn things step by step, which increases their chances of recall. Telephone numbers can be separated into 3 groups, for instance 847 - 504 8761. People can start by memorizing 847, then 504 and finally 8761, instead of trying to remember the numbers all together.... ...nbsp 14. Tape Recorded Lecture 1 In this study, 13 people have answered No, when they were asked if they used any specific memory strategies. There was 10 people that has used the recall and recite method to memorize things, 8 people used word association to try relate materials to something their familiar with. Also, there were 7 people that wrote information down in order to rehearse it, while 5 people used flashcards to go over their material. There are 3 groups of 2 people that used color coding, reading things out loud and qualification a note to remember things. On the contrary, there are 5 groups of memory strategies that a person has used they practice with others, meditate r emember things by listening, sing a song or rhyme and tape-recorded the lecture. The students who have used memory strategies mentioned above, are the ones that have scored higher on recall. Memory Strategies 12N= 40 (19 Hispanic/Spanish Descent, 13 Black/African-American, 7 Asian/ Pacific Islander & 1 Other)N= 40 (32 Females & 8 Males)

Caring for a Person With Dementia Essay example -- Dementia and Aggres

Introduction Dementia is an umbrella term used to explain the gradual decline in multiple areas of functions, which includes thinking, perception, communication, memory, languages, reasoning, and the powerfulness to function (Harrison-Dening 2013). Worldwide, 47.5 million people have aberration and there are 7.7 million new cases every year. Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of dementia and may contribute to 6070% of cases. (Alzheimers society 2014). The complexity of dementia presents a number of behavioral challenges to those who live with dementia and their care providers. Aggressive behaviour seems to be one of the most prevalent challenging behaviours in the different stages of dementia (Weitzel et al 2011). As acute care settings are not the shell places for people afflicted with dementia , it is necessary to empower the hospitalised people with dementia and their family members. As nurses are often the central core of care, they should have the potential of dogm atic long-term effect on the lives of people with dementia (Harrison-Dening 2013). Inadequate training, lack of specialised education, negative attitudes and poor practice development can precipitate a failure in the delivery of high-quality care for the hospitalised dementia people (Chater & Hughes 2012).Brain Activity ChangesDementia progressively affects almost all brain functions, including the control of aim function (Plosker & Gauthier 2009). The cell damage leads to tissue shrinkage and limited function in the brains frontal and temporal lobes, which control emotions, planning, and reasoning, judgment, speaking, understanding and controlling movements (Narvid et al 2009). accordingly people with dementia may suffer the difficulty of solving p... ...rnal Of The Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association (JARNA), 14(3), 8-12.McKay, A., ONeil, M., & McMonigle, A. (2008). Managing challenging patient behaviors. Journal Of Continuing Education In N ursing, 39(9), 390-391Plosker, G., & Gauthier, S. (2009). Cerebrolysin a review of its use in dementia. Drugs & Aging, 26(11), 893-915Narvid J, M. L. Gorno-Tempini , A. Slavotinek , S. J. DeArmond , Y. H. Cha , B. L. Miller & K.Rankin (2009) Of brain and bone The unusual case of Dr. A, Neurocase The Neural Basis of Cognition, 153, 190-205. Whall AL Colling KB Kolanowski A Kim H Hong GS DeCicco B Ronis DL Richards KC Algase D Beck C (2008)Factors associated with aggressive behavior among nursing home residents with dementia.Gerontologist, 2008 Dec 48 (6) 721-31

Caring for a Person With Dementia Essay example -- Dementia and Aggres

Introduction Dementia is an umbrella term workd to explain the gradual decline in multiple areas of functions, which includes thinking, perception, communication, memory, languages, reasoning, and the ability to function (Harrison-Dening 2013). Worldwide, 47.5 million stack have aberration and there are 7.7 million new cases every year. Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of dementia and whitethorn contribute to 6070% of cases. (Alzheimers society 2014). The complexity of dementia presents a number of behavioural challenges to those who live with dementia and their care providers. Aggressive behaviour seems to be one of the most prevalent challenging behaviours in the different stages of dementia (Weitzel et al 2011). As acute care settings are not the best places for people afflicted with dementia , it is necessary to empower the hospitalised people with dementia and their family members. As nurses are often the central core of care, they should have the potential of posi tive long-term effect on the lives of people with dementia (Harrison-Dening 2013). Inadequate training, lack of specialised education, negative attitudes and poor practice development can precipitate a failure in the actors line of high-quality care for the hospitalised dementia people (Chater & Hughes 2012).Brain Activity ChangesDementia progressively affects almost all brain functions, including the control of motor function (Plosker & Gauthier 2009). The cell injure leads to tissue shrinkage and limited function in the brains frontal and temporal lobes, which control emotions, planning, and reasoning, judgment, speaking, understanding and controlling movements (Narvid et al 2009). Consequently people with dementia may suffer the difficulty of solving p... ...rnal Of The Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association (JARNA), 14(3), 8-12.McKay, A., ONeil, M., & McMonigle, A. (2008). Managing challenging patient behaviors. Journal Of Continuing Educatio n In Nursing, 39(9), 390-391Plosker, G., & Gauthier, S. (2009). Cerebrolysin a review of its use in dementia. Drugs & Aging, 26(11), 893-915Narvid J, M. L. Gorno-Tempini , A. Slavotinek , S. J. DeArmond , Y. H. Cha , B. L. Miller & K.Rankin (2009) Of brain and bone The unusual case of Dr. A, Neurocase The Neural Basis of Cognition, 153, 190-205. Whall AL Colling KB Kolanowski A Kim H Hong GS DeCicco B Ronis DL Richards KC Algase D Beck C (2008)Factors associated with aggressive behavior among nursing home residents with dementia.Gerontologist, 2008 Dec 48 (6) 721-31

Theories and Practices of Teacher Education

Lecturer Dr. Carol Hordatt Gentles Course Theories and Practices of teacher pedagogy COURSE CODE EDTE 6003 naming TWO University of the West Indies, Mona Campus Huntley Anderson 620040068 The province for Jamai nookie teachers skipper maturation lies with teachers themselves. The fact that they do not understand this is because the character of people we atomic number 18 recruiting into the profession is poor. teacher autonomy in original increase is both a right and a righteousness of the individual teacher.This crowd out be furthered by the collaborative reading of capacity within school communities working together to support master key explicatement through joint planning and execution of professed(prenominal) study activities and events. It is the responsibility of the school to provide mechanisms and resources to en convinced(predicate) both individual teachers and groups of teachers have equitable access to professional initiateing. It is sad to say that man y colleagues view professional emergence as a work procedure and not as a continuous development of competencies to deliver ones roles and responsibilities. instructor Cadet EssayThe fact that they the majority of the breeding profession do not understand this is not because of a poor timbre of teachers being recruited just now because there ar no implemented structures on how professional development is executed within the schools or delivered from the Ministry of cultivation. Until it is viewed as pertinent to ones personal development and is conducted in a meaningful way, this requirement to continue in the profession may lose the general objective for providing continuous training to develop individual competencies.Quality professional development has the power to increase educators knowledge of pedantic content and article of belief skills, while changing the norm of what may Jamaican teachers believe about student learning and how they interact with students. Not all Jamaican teachers have bought into how powerful professional development trans figureing schools into places in which all adults and students are deeply engaged in learning and making meaning of their lives. Continuing Education The Jamaican experience should be encourage teachers to pursue further studies in article of belief pedagogy.Working towards advanced degrees can be both financially and professional rewards much(prenominal) as working towards a graduate degree while there is a disconnect between teacher recruitment into the profession from personal development continuity, these organizations which is affiliate to teachers cannot only encourage teachers to take charge of their own development. There are a number of groups or associations with which the teacher are affiliates and they should help to develop programs to keep in touch with developments in the field, effective precept practices, and changes in resources.Thus active a membership fees does not mean active parti cipation but it allow develop a sense of continuity and meaning to our profession like that of the legal or medical profession where professional development lies with the lawyer or medical personnel to be upgraded frequently. teachers views on professional Development bequeath significantly influence their motivation to attend Professional Development and will influence its implementation, sustainability and success in integrating the curriculum and accompanying strategies into teachers regular classroom practices.When the caliber of people that are recuited into the profession is poor they have no interest in profession development as they are not dedicated teachers. This teaching theorize for them might just be a marrow of surviving until a better stage business that interest stimulates along. These teachers are normally just qualified in the content area but lack teaching methods, so they just impart knowledge from book and does not provide innovative ways for teaching st udents. Some of these tea her have no fondness for teaching the profession is just a stepping-stone for them.Jamaica Teaching Council believes that professional development should be required throughout the career of teachers. Poor caliber teachers are not interested in the professional development programmes as they do not want to be provided with equal opportunities to gain and improve their knowledge and skills, which is important to their positions and job per stochastic variableance, as other dedicated employees in the profession. A lot of people who are being hired as teachers are basically not component. unity view is that taxpayers contribute to a ystem, which should be a quality education system, employing quality educators and that poor quality teachers considered ineffective. The Jamaican education system currently has a stronghold power base of mediocrity located in a strong bureaucratic system that is always resisting changes in the teaching profession, so they lear n no interest in professional development as they are not interested in changes. They do not look for any form of opportunity as they are safe remaining in the same classroom, teaching the same subject to the same groups of students within the same programme.According to Spence (2008) great leading and great teachers equal great students. It therefore follows that poor quality teachers are choking the overall quality of teaching. Poor quality teachers fabricate excuses, take no responsibility for their actions, and are not very responsible to their students. They manoeuvre very little or no interest in professional development as they rely soley on textbooks for content and activities and do not always link learning to students knowledge base. Once a poor quality teacher is recuited and moves up to permanent position it be come outs very difficult to remove them from the system.These teachers continue to resist change and may even actively contribute to the removing of quality and innovated teachers from the system. Spence and Sawchuk shared a similar view that the classifications of poor performance are consistent average across the workplaces at least twenty-five percent of teachers are of poor quality. With that percentage of poor quality in the education system, that is showing little or no interest in professional development, one can see that they not only sponsor poor performance of students, but they affect leadinghip and quality of teaching within the school.Research carried out on professional development (Sawchuk, Nov. 10, 2010) shows that professional development is a challenging one to study. Hard data which equates professional development and better quality teachers are difficult to come by. Professional development relies on a two-part transfer of knowledge, which indicate that teachers behaviour change in accordance with the new knowledge and skills and those changes must subsequently lead in improved student mastery of subject matter.Thes e complex matters relating to those transactions make professional development a challenging one, so one pacify does not have enough evidence to say that the quality of people that are being recruited into the teaching profession is poor because they do not live that the responsibility for professional development lies with the teachers themselves but as a teacher of information technology I believe that it is pertinent to participate in professional development as it allows me to keep abreast with the rapid changes in technology and be able to use and impart this new and updated knowledge to my students.I am authorized professional development for teachers who view it as ongoing learning opportunities believe it is vital to school success and teacher satisfaction. Reference Spence, Earline (2008) NAE (National Education Association) Great customary Schools for every student- Professional Development Harris, D. N. Sass, T. R. , Teacher Training, Teacher Quality and Student Achie vement Journal of reality Economics,95, 2011. Sawchuk, S. , EWA Research Brief What Studies Say About Teacher Effectiveness, 2011. Sawchuk, S. Studies Link Classroom Observations to Student Achievement, Education Week, April 26, 2011. Sawchuk, S. New Teacher-Evaluation Systems Face Obstacles, Education Week, Dec. 16, 2009. Sawchuk, S. , TAP More Than Performance Pay, Education Week, April 1, 2009. 1 . I believe that I have a responsibility for on-going professional development. Autonomy is determine my professional development needs based on my professional practice. Thus engaging in reflective practice to determine my professional development needs.Theories and Practices of Teacher EducationLecturer Dr. Carol Hordatt Gentles Course Theories and Practices of Teacher Education COURSE CODE EDTE 6003 duty assignment TWO University of the West Indies, Mona Campus Huntley Anderson 620040068 The responsibility for Jamaican teachers professional development lies with teachers themselves . The fact that they do not understand this is because the quality of people we are recruiting into the profession is poor. Teacher autonomy in professional development is both a right and a responsibility of the individual teacher.This can be furthered by the collaborative development of capacity within school communities working together to support professional development through joint planning and execution of professional development activities and events. It is the responsibility of the school to provide mechanisms and resources to ensure both individual teachers and groups of teachers have equitable access to professional development. It is sad to say that many colleagues view professional development as a work procedure but not as a continuous development of competencies to deliver ones roles and responsibilities.Teacher Cadet EssayThe fact that they the majority of the teaching profession do not understand this is not because of a poor quality of teachers being recruited b ut because there are no implemented structures on how professional development is executed within the schools or delivered from the Ministry of Education. Until it is viewed as pertinent to ones personal development and is conducted in a meaningful way, this requirement to continue in the profession may lose the general objective for providing continuous training to develop individual competencies.Quality professional development has the power to increase educators knowledge of schoolman content and teaching skills, while changing the norm of what may Jamaican teachers believe about student learning and how they interact with students. Not all Jamaican teachers have bought into how powerful professional development transforming schools into places in which all adults and students are deeply engaged in learning and making meaning of their lives. Continuing Education The Jamaican experience should be encourage teachers to pursue further studies in teaching pedagogy.Working towards ad vanced degrees can be both financially and professional rewards such as working towards a graduate degree while there is a disconnect between teacher recruitment into the profession from personal development continuity, these organizations which is affiliate to teachers cannot only encourage teachers to take charge of their own development. There are a number of groups or associations with which the teacher are affiliates and they should help to develop programs to keep in touch with developments in the field, effective teaching practices, and changes in resources.Thus active a membership fees does not mean active participation but it will develop a sense of continuity and meaning to our profession like that of the legal or medical profession where professional development lies with the attorney or medical personnel to be upgraded frequently. Teachers views on professional Development will significantly influence their motivation to attend Professional Development and will influenc e its implementation, sustainability and success in integrating the curriculum and accompanying strategies into teachers regular classroom practices.When the quality of people that are recuited into the profession is poor they have no interest in profession development as they are not dedicated teachers. This teaching job for them might just be a government agency of surviving until a better job that interest comes along. These teachers are normally just qualified in the content area but lack teaching methods, so they just impart knowledge from book and does not provide innovative ways for teaching students. Some of these tea her have no sexual love for teaching the profession is just a stepping-stone for them.Jamaica Teaching Council believes that professional development should be required throughout the career of teachers. Poor quality teachers are not interested in the professional development programmes as they do not want to be provided with equal opportunities to gain and i mprove their knowledge and skills, which is important to their positions and job performance, as other dedicated employees in the profession. A lot of people who are being hired as teachers are basically not component. one and only(a) view is that taxpayers contribute to a ystem, which should be a quality education system, employing quality educators and that poor quality teachers considered ineffective. The Jamaican education system currently has a stronghold power base of mediocrity located in a strong bureaucratic system that is always resisting changes in the teaching profession, so they show no interest in professional development as they are not interested in changes. They do not look for any form of opportunity as they are safe remaining in the same classroom, teaching the same subject to the same groups of students within the same programme.According to Spence (2008) great leaders and great teachers equal great students. It therefore follows that poor quality teachers are c hoking the overall quality of teaching. Poor quality teachers fabricate excuses, take no responsibility for their actions, and are not very responsible to their students. They show very little or no interest in professional development as they rely soley on textbooks for content and activities and do not always link learning to students knowledge base. Once a poor quality teacher is recuited and moves up to permanent position it becomes very difficult to remove them from the system.These teachers continue to resist change and may even actively contribute to the removing of quality and innovated teachers from the system. Spence and Sawchuk shared a similar view that the classifications of poor performance are consistent average across the workplaces at least twenty-five percent of teachers are of poor quality. With that percentage of poor quality in the education system, that is showing little or no interest in professional development, one can see that they not only sponsor poor per formance of students, but they affect leadership and quality of teaching within the school.Research carried out on professional development (Sawchuk, Nov. 10, 2010) shows that professional development is a challenging one to study. Hard data which equates professional development and better quality teachers are difficult to come by. Professional development relies on a two-part transfer of knowledge, which indicate that teachers behaviour change in accordance with the new knowledge and skills and those changes must subsequently moderate in improved student mastery of subject matter.These complex matters relating to those transactions make professional development a challenging one, so one politic does not have enough evidence to say that the quality of people that are being recruited into the teaching profession is poor because they do not find oneself that the responsibility for professional development lies with the teachers themselves but as a teacher of information technology I believe that it is pertinent to participate in professional development as it allows me to keep abreast with the rapid changes in technology and be able to use and impart this new and updated knowledge to my students.I am sure professional development for teachers who view it as ongoing learning opportunities believe it is vital to school success and teacher satisfaction. Reference Spence, Earline (2008) NAE (National Education Association) Great Public Schools for every student- Professional Development Harris, D. N. Sass, T. R. , Teacher Training, Teacher Quality and Student Achievement Journal of Public Economics,95, 2011. Sawchuk, S. , EWA Research Brief What Studies Say About Teacher Effectiveness, 2011. Sawchuk, S. Studies Link Classroom Observations to Student Achievement, Education Week, April 26, 2011. Sawchuk, S. New Teacher-Evaluation Systems Face Obstacles, Education Week, Dec. 16, 2009. Sawchuk, S. , TAP More Than Performance Pay, Education Week, April 1, 2009. 1 . I believe that I have a responsibility for on-going professional development. Autonomy is determine my professional development needs based on my professional practice. Thus engaging in reflective practice to determine my professional development needs.

Cultural Anthropology Midterm Study Guide

Anthropology 2 Midterm Study Guide Professor Li Zhang Midterm Date October 30, 2012 calendar week 1 What is the scope of heathen anthropology? dissertate its focalize of inquiry, approach, and major changes everywhere time. ?Cultural anthropology is concerned with the character and extent of complaisant and heathen differences among different societies. Focus on Inquiry Why in that location be different grows and how they came slightly and ar affected or changing. Focus on Approach Approaches could be urban, political, dour, medical, psychological, environmental, feminist, and so forth Goals ?Understanding how differences among societies ar shaped. Understanding the unequal indicator relations between societies produced by compoundism, imperialism and contemporary global pr impressices. ?To compargon the perspectives of different societies and how each of them interprets the world. Changes in heathenish anthropology everywhere time ?Used to be a way to levys infer iority of others and justify oppression and ethnocentrism. Now its mostly or so organism critical of inequality, ? We also do fieldwork in western, developed countries. ?There is much(prenominal) globalization now. ?Early anthropology focused on studying isolated, tribal societies. ?Over time they began to study large urban industrial societies. like a shot the scope of pagan anthropology has expanded into various sub departments, such as urban political, and medical. Compargon the two major schools of early anthropological thought British cordial anthropology and French structuralism in terms of their primary concern and focus. British Social Anthropology ?Emerged in early 20th century. Main founding figure was Malinowski. ?Radcliffe-Brown, Evans-Pritchard, Gluckman, and Leach also were definitive figures. ?Two theoretical foundations were functionalism and structural functionalism 0Functionalism Explanation of why certain social institutions exist. Explains the cultural r esponses to basic separate needs that atomic number 18 biological and/or physiological. 0Example nookynibalism may be explained with a survivalist function ?Structural Functionalism Concerned less with individual needs and actions and more than with the place of the individuals in the social order. ?Figures out the alliance of individuals to the larger social body. ?Example Cannibal Tours colonists arrived and stripped villages of sacred objects and introduced European monetary scheme to make the villagers subordinateDuring these early years, social anthropology was deeply intertwined with the British colonial government that provided the financial support for research and teaching in anthropology. The primary interest was in Africa to study their languages and generate knowledge about their political and legal systems. French Structuralism ?Primary figure in school of thought is Levi Strauss. ?Focused on the elementary structures of kinship, mythology, and language. ?Som e concerns include the patterns or underlying structures and how obviously unrelated things may actually be from a complex system of interrelated parts. Form is emphasized over content. ?The internal logic of a glossiness and its relationship to the structures of human federation and human mind. Comparison ?Both schools of thought are concerned with studying the structure and layout of the society. ?British social anthropology is concerned more with the relation of the individual to society succession French structuralism is concerned with how individuals are connected to one a nonher to form the society (mythologies, language, human mind). Week 2 How does Edward Taylor define culture? Discuss the four key aspects of culture by providing one example for each aspect. Examples target be drawn from the readings, movie houses, or other sources including your own observation. British anthropologist Edward Taylor defines culture as a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, a rts, morals, law, customs, and every other capabilities and habits acquired by a man as a member of society. The four elements of culture are 1. Culture is conditioned. ?Culture toilet be learned consciously and unconsciously through interacting and imitating the community around us. It end happen in informal settings such as your home, or formal places like churches and schools. Example as children we learn to imitate words we hear adults turn to and learn to speak the language. Proper etiquette is taught by looking at how others be contri excepte or from interacting with bulk who teach it to them. 2. Culture is shared. ?Members of a group share ballpark beliefs, values, memories, and hope. ?Example American culture is identified with individualism, spot Chinese culture is identified with collectivism. This difference can be seen through the food and meals they choose. Americans usually wear upont like to share their meals and order individual plates while the Chinese typi cally share their food and eat family-style. Example Eating Christmas in the Kalahari by Richard Lee 0For Christmas, Lee buys the largest ox to show his gratitude for the Bushmens hospitality during his stay. He becomes confused when everyone in the village says that the ox he bought was no good and that is has no meat on it. 0In Bushmen village, it is part of their culture and tradition to insult each other so that people dont become arrogant. Lee learned this by asking the Bushmen about it, showing how culture is shared by communication and interaction. 3. Culture is symbolic. Creation of culture depends on the humans great power to use symbols and be able to fool symbolic thought. ?We are able to flop substance to a thing or event and grasp the meaning. It can be arbitrary and conventional and depends on the social context that is widely accepted by society. However, the context can vary for each society. ?Examples -McDonalds has become a symbol of fast food and unhealthy eat ing in America, but it is viewed as risque class and advance(a) in China. ?Colors tend to have symbolic meanings attached to them. Red represents love, yellow represents sustenance, black represents death, etc. . Culture is dynamic. ?Culture isnt a static cage to lock people in. It is something that changes over time. ?People use their culture creatively and actively instead of rigidly following the rules. ?There are some differences in culture between groups and societies, but the differences arent absolute. ?Cultural hybridization allows different cultural traditions and practices to merge together. 0Examples Food culture fusion of food features a combination of different elements of cultures from all over the world. Western psychotherapy combines Buddhist meditation with western psychology.What is ethnocentrism? Why is it problematic? In your discussion, draw examples from either Bohannans Shakespeare in the Bush or the film Cannibal Tours. How would a diffusionist argue on ce against ethnocentrism? Ethnocentrism is the tendency to use ones own culture as a yardstick to mea accepted other cultural practices and beliefs. Tendency for people to see their own culture as superior and natural. People make judgments qualified to their own cultural lens, giving them a condense perspective they see all other cultures as inferior to theirs.Examples Cannibal Tours The western tourists continuously compared the natives lifestyle to their own and saw their culture as primal and backwards. They saw the natives as uncivilized and poor people who lacked the technology they possessed back at home. Bohannans Shakespeare in the Bush While reading through Hamlet, both the storyteller and the audience exhibit ethnocentrism. What Bohannan took for granted and viewed as common sense were things that the elders did not extrapolate because it didnt exist in their culture.Ghosts and the afterlife did not exist in the natives culture, and young people should not fight agai nst their elders. Elders constantly made remarks about the play as if they knew what was going on, accept that they were telling her the true meaning of Hamlet and how her interpretation of Hamlet is actually wrong. According to Franz Boas, no culture is pure and authentic. Instead, cultural boundaries are porous and cultural exchanges have long existed in human societies. 0Diffusionism shows that all cultures are interrelated to one other, so ethnocentrism does not exist. In Ralph Lintons One Hundred percent American, he shows that cultures are not 100% from their own country and that culture is diffused and adapted by various places as part of their culture. What is cultural relativism? Discuss its pros and cons. What is your take on it? Support your argument with evidence and analysis. Cultural Relativism is the view opposite of ethnocentrism believes that one shouldnt judge the values and practices of other people according to their own standards. The main idea is to see thin gs from the point of view of those who live their lives.This allows the anthropologist to fully appreciate another culture. Pros ?Objective approach in doing research helps anthropologists another culture more thoroughly. ?Promotes unity between cultures and between groups of people in general since it would help people respect and understand each other. Cons ?Helps justify arguable practices such as female genitalia mutilation, cannibalism, animal sacrifice, etc. *I am of the opinion that cultural relativism is an important philosophy to apply to any anthropological research, however a delicate balance must always strive to be maintained.To me, respect should always be asserted, but human rights should have potence over political correctness. -malinowski According to Malinowski, what is a holistic approach to doing ethnographic research and why is it important? What constitutes the proper conditions for ethnographic fieldwork? Explain three cardinal ethnographic techniques (dont just list them, but explain in greater detail). A holistic approach in doing ethnographic work is to understand a culture as a whole and all aspects are connected/intertwined and must be understood in relation to one another. The coating of the ethnographer should be to provide an anatomy of the culture, understand the facts and put the focus into a broader context. You must understand that all the small institutions of a culture, such as religion, education, kinship, are all related to one another in order to grasp the meaning as a whole. The proper conditions for ethnographic fieldwork is to observe the details of the natives family and communal life by staying as close in contact with them as affirmable and cutting yourself off from the company of anyone else other than the natives.You must immerse yourself into the topical anesthetic society for a long duration because there is a difference between sporadic plunging into the company of the natives and really living with them and connecting with them. Three central ethnographic techniques 1. Observation and participant observation. ?Careful and detailed observation is important to collect info to answer questions, which requires a lot of patience. ?You should try to be objective and come on away from any bias thoughts or else the collected data will be compromised.You must also remember to be invisible and make sure they dont know they are being observed or else the data will be inaccurate. ?Participant observation is when you participate in events with the natives in order to analyze and take notes. 0This allows you to get closer to the natives and helps you to better understand their culture through your experience and interaction with them. 2. Interviews. ?Interviews involve asking several individual questions to get a better understanding of the culture from a natives point of view. The goal of the interviews is to see a pattern that emerges in the answers you receive. ?Interviews can be informal, semi-structured, or structured. ?Informal interview an interview that doesnt follow a straight schedule and takes advantage of the opportunity when it arises. ?Semi-structured / structured interview interviews that are planned out with the questions you wishing to ask written eat and planned beforehand. 0Semi-structured interviews may have some open ended questions. 0Interviews are the most legal method and are the core of ethnographic research. When you interview people you know, you may get introduced to people that you could possibly interview, and you can therefore gather up more data and opinions for your research. This is called the snowballing effect. 3. Key informants and life histories. ?Also called cultural consultants. These people are important figures that are able to give you more insight and information in various aspects of a culture. 0They are the few people who are willing to tell you more and explain in clear details while incorporating their own(prenominal) experience to help you understand.Key Informant Someone you build an amicable relationship with, who acts as a representative of the culture. Generally someone in a high power who will be able to explain the ins and outs of the culture from an intimately informed POV. What are the core issues in the code of ethics for anthropologists (discuss at to the lowest degree three)? Why is it important to follow them? The three core issues in the code of ethics for anthropologists include 1. Full disclosure. ?It is important for the anthropologist to be open and honest to the people s/he is studying. Must inform them of every aspect of the study and any consequences that may happen as a result of the study. 2. Informed Consent. ?The people being studied must be well informed about the procedure, and the anthropologist must have them sign a paper or ask for oral consent before proceeding with the study. 0This is to make sure that they have fully agreed to the terms and have proof that the y have willingly volunteered themselves. 3. Potential Harm. 0It is the anthropologists duty to inform the subject of any consequential harm that may come to them. The anthropologist must ensure not to harm safety, dignity, or privacy of any parties involved. ?It is important to follow the code of ethics in order to avoid any lawsuits and also to make sure that the people being studied are well informed and know exactly what they are signing up for so that no harm will come to them. Week 4 Today most anthropologists recognize that race is a social construct that does not have a biological reality. Discuss how Boas and Montagu each defend this view. What evidence from modern catchings does the film Race The Power of an Illusion provide to further support this position?Franz Boas also referred to as the Father of American Anthropology, talks about race as a social construction in his paper, Mind of Primitive Man ? He believes that racial groups never existed, and that races are not as pure as we imagine them to be because migration patterns in the past intertwined cultures together and created diverse groups of people. ?Boas talks about purity and boundedness, stating that biological significance is only possible when races have uniform, closely inbred groups where family lines are alike. However, these conditions cant be achieved with humans, especially in large populations. He also argues about the instability of populations, meaning that the physical and psychological attributes of people are dynamic and fluctuate constantly to adapt to various circumstances. 0The biological, linguistic, and cultural traits of people are the product of historical festering and the environment. Ashley Montagu in her article, The Concept of Race in the Human Species in the Light of Genetics, uses the idea of cooking an omelette as a metaphor for the making of race. 0When an omelet is made, the end result may all look the same, but the ingredients used to make the omelet may v ary.This is the basis for the anthropological view of race in that although groups of people may have different appearances and characteristics, everyone is essentially the same. 0His argument is based on modern genetics, stating that no two humans are genetically similar to one another, therefore races cannot categorize groups of people since they dont share the same genetic background. Racial characteristics are artificial and have no genetic base. Example of the use of modern genetics in the film, Race The Power of an Illusion. In the film, a group of students performed an experiment to compare genetic similarities to other classmates using blood samples, skin color, and saliva swaps. The result of the experiment turned out to be different from what they expected. The students found that their genes were most similar to people they least expected, and that there was no correlation between their genetic patterns and their skin color. Dr. Richard Lewontin, with the use of gel ele ctrophesis, found that 85% of all variations among humans are between individuals of the same topical anaesthetic population. There is as much difference between two individuals of the same race as there is between individuals of different races, so race cant be determined biologically. What is scientific racism? Why is it flawed and dangerous? Use one of the examples discussed in the lecture to support your argument (Morton versus Gould or The Bell Curve). How do anthropologists understand sex and patriarchy? Provide two examples (from the lecture or your own observation) to show that gender roles change from society to society and from time to time.Scientific Racism is the attempt to prove scientifically that some races are not just different, but superior to others. 0Scientific techniques and observations are usually utilized to prove this belief but the collected data is usually inaccurate and tainted with racist beliefs. Example Dr. Samuel George Morton versus Stephen J. Goul d. Samuel George Morton attempted to prove that some races were superior to others by mensuration the skulls of people of different races, He believed that the cranial capacity of the skulls would tell how intelligent people were. His results concluded that white people were the superior race among other groups, because his measurements showed that they had the largest skulls compared to the others. ?Stephen J. Gould retell the research and found several errors with Mortons conclusion. 0Morton manipulated his data by including more female skulls for blacks than for whites, so the measurement for the skulls of the blacks turned out to be smaller. 0When Gould measured again fairly, the average size of a black persons skull turned out to be much larger than the skull of a white persons. The data was manipulated because of Mortons bias. His beliefs caused him to already have the results in mind that he wanted, regardless of what is actually true. Example The Bell Curve 0A book written by Richard J. Hernstein and Charles Murray argues that blacks behave inferior genes of intelligence compared to whites, and so they naturally score lower on IQ tests. Their low IQ scores are what prevent the blacks from attaining a high level job, and it is also because of their low intelligence that they have a higher(prenominal) crime rate. The controversy that comes with this claim is that if the government agrees with it, then the blacks should not receive social welfare for their low-income families because they are genetically inferior. Scientific racism is usually incorrectly proven using data that has been deliberately altered to support bias beliefs, so the results are not accurate. The danger that can result from this if it is actually proven, the groups may be neglected or abused, or at the very least set with social injustice. Gender All the traits that a culture assigns to and indicates in men and women. It is a social construct of male and female characteristics a nd roles. ?Gender differences come from culture rather than biology. ?Patriarchy A social and political system rule by men in which women have inferior social and political status. 0Females are carried out as subordinates to men in this system. Most common in patrilineal societies (involving counting the descent line of the fathers line, which includes property inheritance, names, titles, etc. ) Examples of gender roles changing between societies and through time ?Forager/hunter and gatherer societiesThis face of society shows a typical gender division of labor. Men were responsible for(p) for hunting and fishing while women were responsible for gathering fruits and nuts. Men would usually bring in more food than women, so the men had a higher social rank in these societies. When women are the ones to contribute more food, then the women would have an equal relationship with the men. ?Agriculture societies Men are assigned to heavy labor such as plowing the field, while women are responsible for domestic work, child rearing, and light far work around the house. These societies tend to have a stronger gender inequality. Industrial societies Gender roles in industrial societies tend to change over time in response to economic conditions and social climates. earlier the 1900s, it was common for men, women, and children to work in factories. Things began to change in the 1900s with the large influx of immigrants that increased the male labor force and also brought up ideas that women werent fit to work in the factories and should stay home and take care of the kids instead, During WW2, things changed again as men are drafted into the military and women began working in factories again to modify the gap.The womens return to the factory was received in a positive notion and was even viewed as patriotic. What are gender stereotypes? What is the role of advertising in making and reinforcing gender stereotypes and normalcy? Draw two concrete examples from the film (Killing US Softly) in your discussion. Gender stereotypes oversimplified yet strongly held ideas about the characteristics of men and women. Advertisements primarily target women and girls about beauty and the ideal body they should have, as well as a childlike / quiet demeanor. Many girls express the fear of being fat, and the number one wish of girls between the age of 11-17 is to be thinner. ?Most of the people who suffer from eating disorders are girls who are self-conscious and obsessive about their body. Examples in Killing us Softly ?Ads of women of color tend to show them with animal prints which turn them into animals rather than human beings. ?Ads about women who lost weight typically say they were able to get married because they lost weight.This gives the idea that women who are fat probably wont ever get married, and this serves to lower womens self-esteems even further and increase their drive to become skinnier and purchase products to expedite the process. ?Images of thin women are often used to silence women and put them down. ?Ads show pictures of women exhibiting peaceful body language such as their hands over their mouths and faces. ?When there is an ad of a man and a woman, the man is usually taller and is looking down at the woman, while the woman looks up and smiles compliantly. This encourages female submission to men and conveys the message that women should be quiet and obedient. According to Martins article, how do stereotypical gender roles shape scientific accounts of the egg-sperm romance? Stereotypical gender roles shape scientific accounts by how the sperm and the egg are described and how they function. ?The sperm is described as masculine, active, agile, and penetrating, while the egg is described as passive, feminine, fragile and dependent. ?The egg is portrayed as a damsel in distress who waits quietly in a still spot for her knight in shining armor, the sperm, to fight his way to her. The female reproductive system is s een as wasteful and a failure while the male reproductive system is seen as productive. ?Scientists question why women are born with so many eggs only to have most of it go to waste, yet the dont consider the excessive amount of sperm men create as a waste. ?New research found that the sperms arent that forceful and what actually matters is that the surface of the egg is what traps the sperm, showing that eggs are more active than previously thought. This shows that the relationship between the egg and the sperm is interactive. tear down with this new research, the egg is still viewed in a bad light. ?The more active role of the egg is seen as too aggressive and the reproductive system of women as a dangerous place since it tries to kill sperm cells that enter it. How does Ortner explain why women are universally put in an inferior position to men? Do you agree with her argument? Why or why not? Support your view with evidence. Ortner argues that the subordination of women is a uni versal idea by referring to how a lot of anthropological literatures show accounts of how women are devalued in society. Symbolic acts of women are believed to justify their inferior role. Menstruation is considered a symbolic act that restricts the freedom of women. During a womens menstruation period, she was not allowed to come near sacred objects because of the fear that she might contaminate them. Menstruation was believed to be a affright of warfare. ?Social and political structures also serve to affect the status of women in societies, and exclude women from participating in areas with people of high authority. ?Women are associated with nature while men are associated with culture, and culture is typically viewed as superior to nature.Men use their creativity to create technology and symbols that are transcendental and last for eternity, while women are restricted by their natural duties that involve reproduction and creating life. Destruction of life by men has more presti ge and is viewed as transcendental, while creation of life by women is regarded as less important. The things that men create last forever while what women produce are doomed to die. The reason why women are associated with nature more is because of their physiology, social role, and psyche. ?No I do not agree with Ortner.I believe that these views are socially constructed, and that weve evolved past them. Week 5 What are the v different economic systems in the world? Define each briefly. ?Forager hunting and gathering moving from place to place gender roles due to unequal division of labor, egalitarian (old people are respected). ?Horticulture Cultivation with simple tools, fields not permanent property (slash and burn) mobility, depend on rainfall. ?Agriculture Use animals for food and labor. These groups are less mobile, live in larger and more permanent settlements, and use advanced irrigation systems. Pastoral Focus on domesticated animals for food nomadic. ?Industrial mechan ise forces, factories, and technology for mass production increased population density. Briefly explain the three basic principles that govern exchanges according to Karl Polanyi. ?The Market Principle Supply and Demand, Capitalism. chocolate beans they were selling. Export of crop. ?Redistribution Socialism Goods move from local level to center taxation, welfare. Redistributing the pigs and wealth within the people. ?Reciprocity exchange between those who are socially equal ( leave economies) want to give back.What is a moral economy? What is a system of total service defined by Marcel Mauss? ?Moral Economy A type of economy in which economic activities are an integral part of social relations and moral obligations. scotch and non-economic activities and institutions are embedded in one another. Economic activities and exchange systems are governed by conceptions of social justice, norms, and expectations. ?Systems of total service The exchange is not solely about property and w ealth, but also about the social and moral obligations. Part of the more general and enduring contract.According to Marcel Mauss, why does a gift have the special power to cause its recipient to break it back? ?The Power Gifts are never free, so they give rise to reciprocal exchanges. The giver does not merely give an object, but also a part of him/herself. This intrinsic bondage weighs on the conscience of the recipient. What is potlatch? How do Ruth Benedict, Marcel Mauss, and Marvin Harris explain why potlatch exists? ?Potlatch means to give away, or a gift it is a festival ceremony, and its goal is to give away joy and wealth more than the rival. Explanations 0Ruth Benedict Driven by obsession with prestige and status, (because the more that you give the more prestige you claim). 0Marcel Mauss Compelled by reciprocity, (responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kindness). 0Marvin Harris Serves an economic purpose (rational cultural adaptation). Says that potlatch is a logical cultural mechanism. Says that participating in potlatches creates a constant flow of goods. Serves as an economic purpose, human social life is a response to practical problems of earthly existence.

San Francisco: The City that Never Sleeps

E trulybody knows the old saying that you neer re bothy know a person until you live with them. Well, this as well as applies to read different countries, because I have constantly had an idea in my head near what kind of metropolis San Francisco would be. I have seen various pictures in holiday brochures of the Golden Gate Bridge, Fishermans Wharf and of course, the nonable Powell and Mason line Cable machines. Not only is the city ab come out the famous landmarks and sites everybody has heard of, to me it was about a whole address more(prenominal) and I do non regard that anybody truly knows a shopping center until they have lived in the heart of it for more than two weeks.Regretfully, I only spent two weeks in the city, and I felt as though in that location was quiet plenty I had to check into about it. People always seem to associate the state of California with plenty of sunshine, securely any rain and generally macrocosm a unassailable if not hot climate. I was no different. Therefore, when I stepped off of the aeroplane and felt a cold blast of wind as I walked d one(a) the courtesy tunnel, I was fairly shocked. I did not expect to feel the cold whilst I was in California, but that was just the beginning of unexpected things to come.In all honesty I should have begun my travels with an open mind, but I thought I knew what San Francisco would be standardised and through fault of my own I did not expect anything else. I had visited the United States on three separate occasions before I decided to embark on San Francisco and I had never very travelled to the western coast of America so this was new territory for me. There is supposed to be a clear divide amidst the East and West coasts of America and thus knowing this, it was up to me to distinguish what these factors were. The fact that I had been to the hoidenish before for sure helped me a lot, especially at the airport.Many visitors from Europe who have not visited the Unite d States before, would be alarmed at the amount of questions security ask whilst getting their passport stamped. This just goes to bear witness that the Americans do not just let anybody into their country and they have got to be certain that everybody who has not got a visa to live and work in the country has visited for recreational purposes only. I know that security has been stepped up since the attacks on September 11th, but when the passport control officer asked me, Why are you visiting the ground forces? , How long will you be resideing? , and Have you visited before? , it made me feel like a criminal for world in their country.At the time I felt like I had been interrogated for no reason, but looking back on it, I see that it was only for my increased safety whilst I was visiting that they had to ask those questions and they did ask everybody. Ever since I can remember, I have always thought it was only the English that constantly talked about the weather. I was not ex pecting to hear about it non-stop whilst I was in San Francisco.However, I soon found out the reason behind it I was actually visiting the city in the hottest weeks it had ever seen, I could not reckon my luck. The cold blast of air I had felt whilst stepping off of the plane must have been the air conditioning, I breathed a banging sigh of relief as I realised that the California I had been dreaming of might actually become a reality. I had booked into a youth hostel for the frontmost three nights of my stay and having never stayed in one before I really had no idea what it would be like. As soon as I realised the taxi had pulled up outside the hostel, I began to worry.It looked nothing like the pictures I had seen on the internet, it was situated in a desolate avenue and a man was sitting on the steps outside with a cigarette hanging out of his mouth. I honestly would have used all my spending money to stay in a respectable hotel for the rest of the trip if it had meant that I did not have to stay in the hostel. However, I was persuaded to give it a try for one night and I was inclined the chance to decide what to do subsequently that. Keen to get out of the hostel I went for a walk on that first night to get an idea of how out-of-the-way(prenominal) we were from all the places I wanted to visit.To my horror, it seemed that nobody went for walks in the city, especially not at night anyhow. We were not staying far from Market Street, which is the main pass in the city and it literally spans from one end of the city to the other and eventually ends at the Ferry Building next to the Bay Bridge. Having read about Market Street whilst doing my research, I was glad I was staying at heart walking aloofness, because that is the street where you can catch the streetcars and the BART (Bay Area Rapid Transport), which is the equivalent to the London Underground.Knowing that I was at heart walking distance of all the major transport links made me feel better and I decided that the next day I would obligate the Cable Car to Fishermans Wharf and see what that had to offer. The Cable Cars are the only vehicles of their kind still in operation and are considered to be National Landmarks. change of location on a Cable Car was at the top of my list of things to see and do whilst I was visiting San Francisco, at that placefore it had to be one of the first things I did. Seeing the city the next day, when the sun was beaming and more people were walking the streets made all the difference.I just could not believe how many homeless people there were on the streets though, with all of their worldly possessions packed into a shopping trolley they wandered up and down market street begging for money. Compared to London and New York, it seemed to me that San Francisco had a serious problem with the amount of homeless people living on the citys streets. It was not until the end of my trip that I found out, that the council of San Francisco actual ly gives each and every registered homeless person four hundred dollars a month, so that they can afford shelter and food.Although, hardly any of the money the city gives them is actually spent of shelter and food, it goes on alcohol and drugs, which is not helping anybody. There has been uproar from the public about the situation and there have been many petitions to stop the council from giving the homeless any more money. I soon began to realise that even though I was in California, I was still in a city and all citys have their good parts and their bad parts, even more so the tourist attractions and the lived in sports stadiums.At that point I was ready to be a tourist with the rest of them, so I headed to Powell Street for a ride on one of the famous Cable Cars. It was a beautiful day so I sit on an outside seat and I did not have to fight for it and I soon realised why. I could not believe how steep the hills actually were, at one point we were so high up that I could see Alc atraz Island all the way at the bottom and the red cables of the Golden Gate Bridge just rising above the mental synthesiss in the distance.As the Cable Car descended down the hill, it went at a fairly high speed and I certainly felt the wind as it blew against us. The driver pointed out famous sites on the way, such as Chinatown on the right hand side, the famous Lombard Street as featured in many movies and then finally we came to our polish that was Fishermans Wharf. strengthened in 1900, Fishermans Wharf is the most popular tourist attraction in San Francisco. I was not disappointed in the least when I finally arrived.I think the smell of crab and other seafood delights probably hit me before I had actually reached the Wharf, but that was just part of the experience at being there. Fishermans Wharf was heaving with tourists, it was an unusually hot day and it seemed as though everybody had had the same idea. I had not expected the place to be so big there were so many differ ent piers I was not quite sure which one to visit first. However, it was soon decided that we should visit the San Francisco museum at quayage 45, which was besides home to the US submarine USS Pampanito.The museum was no ordinary museum, since it was made out to look like an old Victorian arcade. It was crammed full of old woody machines that worked if a quarter was dropped in and once the money had been collected the machines would come to life, considering the age of the contraptions it was quite amazing that they still worked. Unfortunately the trip around the USS Pampanito was not scheduled for that particular day so we then headed on to Pier 39. This was a thoroughly modern area of Fishermans Wharf and to me it seemed as if it had only been designed with tourists in mind.According to the guidebook, Pier 39 is San Franciscos number one attraction and I can actually see why the book would say this, since it certainly does have a lot to offer to keep both adults and children e ntertained. There were the usual boutiques and memorabilia stores and of course no American city would be complete without a famous Hard Rock Cafi, but the one thing that could have kept me entertained for hours was just around the corner. I could not believe my eyeball when all I could see there in the water right in front of me was more than one hundred sea lions sunbathing on move rafts.It was like nothing I had ever seen before, not even Sea World could compete with the sea lions at Pier 39. It seemed unimaginable that just a few hours previous and not even 5 miles away I had been alarmed by the amount of homeless people and street beggars, further there I was staring at everyplace one hundred sea lions housed within a small dock and I was not sure what affect me the most. Being Saint Patrick day the very next day, I prepared myself for a long day. I had heard on the grapevine that the Americans love to observe on Saint Patricks Day and I was certain that this one would no t be any different.I think that the American people are very open-minded when it comes to culture, race and sexuality, but I found even more so in San Francisco. There are so many different cultures within the city and they even have designated areas of the city in which they live. The obvious one being Chinatown, but the North Beach area is home to many Italian-Americans, the Castro area is renowned for its Gay and Lesbian scene, Ocean Beach is known for its Japanese culture and the Irish fit in anywhere in between.That is why it did not surprise me that on Saint Patricks Day, a day that the Irish would be doing the most celebrating it would seem, the Americans were doing their best to outdo them. After public lecture to many people who actually work in San Francisco, the current trend is to live elsewhere and travel into work each day. The most popular areas to live are all Oakland, which is over the eight and a half mile long Bay Bridge, or Sausalito that is in the other direc tion and across the Golden Gate Bridge.Having taken a trip over the Golden Gate Bridge and seeing the city from a different angle, I could certainly see why it might be tempting to live in the quieter towns and enjoy the hustle and bustle of going to work each morning. It was like entering a different country as soon as we had crossed the Golden Gate Bridge and drove through Marin County. Even the weather had changed so drastically in that short distance the temperature must have risen by twenty degrees Fahrenheit at least. We were heading towards the town of Sonoma and Napa Valley for most wine tasting, a far cry from the busy city that was San Francisco.Sonoma is regarded as the birthplace of California viticulture and the wine industry there is closely tied to the Spanish Missionaries that found San Francisco in 1823 and in fact it used to be the state capital for a while. The town itself was built around a square and it looked so clean and pristine, it was hard to comprehend th at the city that never stands still was only forty miles away. Back on the road again and heading towards Napa Valley, I just sat there taking in the beautiful scenery, I really could not believe that a place could be so different.The divide between city and country really stood out in California and it was hard for me to decide which I liked the most. Just one main road went from Sonoma to Napa, with extensive vineyards either side of the road it was easy to see why it was called Wine Country. The size of the vineyards amazed me the plots of land and the size of their houses were huge. It really was something I had never seen before, well the English are not really well known wine makers so I suppose there has never been a chance for me to see it.A trip to Napa would not have been complete without a touch of wine tasting so our first stop was at the Sequoia orchard Ranch, a huge working ranch where you can pay five dollars for four proves two whites and two reds. The price of wi ne by the bottle anywhere in California is so expensive compared to England, even the Californian wine therefore I did not make a purchase. The next visit was to the dissipate director Francis Ford Coppolas ranch, named Niebaum-Coppola. The sheer size of this vineyard was one to blow you away, the elegance and style which pour out of the buildings is remarkable.It was clear that somebody extremely flush owned this vineyard and it was also a small museum in honour of the film director since there were a lot of exhibits in the hallway. Lots of memorabilia from his films were hung in cabinets around the galleries and this to me made the experience of wine tasting more exciting, just knowing I was visiting in Francis Ford Coppolas vineyard. It seems that the man has a lot to do with the state of California, obviously he has done a lot of work in Hollywood, but with his ranch in Napa and he has also shot one of his films in a downtown San Francisco diner which I visited later on in my trip.The film was called, American Graffiti, and was about teenagers growing up in the rock and roll era, but some of the scenes were set in Mels Diner on Mission Street, San Francisco. After leaving Napa we headed for the outlet stores. If there were something the Americans know how to do properly, it would be shopping. Because, there in the middle of the countryside was a huge outlet shopping mall, with every grunge name you could ever regard at extremely good prices.I thought it was just San Francisco that was built around shopping malls and boutiques, but I was wrong, since even in the country they still have time to build a huge mall. That is what I found whilst being in San Francisco for two weeks, most Americans do not like to stay at home, and they tend to go out more. Even after a day at work, it seems that they would rather go out for a meal than take a leak it at home and this was just the way of life for people in the city. Although according to some locals, Americans do not walk anywhere they drive to their destination or they travel on the local transport system.Not me though, I walked everywhere and I did not see the problem with it, I thought at first it may be because of the people on the streets, but they were no problem to me. I decided that it must be because Americans have got used to being lazy and taking the easy option, which in my view was probably more accurate. One thing was for sure they certainly know good food when they taste it. That same night I headed into Chinatown for something to eat and I seriously could have been in China for all I knew, even the street signs were in Chinese. It was a very lively place, lights and noise wherever you turned.We were going to a restaurant called the provide of Nung Ho and the food was supposed to be out of this world. Whenever I have been to a Chinese restaurant in the past, there has always been a candle of the table, knives and forks wrapped up in a napkin, but when I arrived at the Hou se of Nung Ho, I was not expecting it to be a cafi lit up with strip flourecsent lights. There was even a queue outside for this tiny back street cafi, a good sign I thought, but I was still a bit concerned that this was not the type of restaurant I had been expecting it to be. at a time inside however, we had ordered our food and they cooked it right in front of me, with a bottle of Tsingtao Chinese beer in my hand, I was looking forward to the food. After talking with the owner, he pointed out a framed picture on the wall of Jamie Oliver, the English chef. He had visited the House of Nung Ho and had written a glorious review of the place in the local good food guide, and he was right, the food was delicious and it made me see that first appearances are not always what they seem.I am glad I decided to queue to get into the restaurant it was well worth the wait. Unfortunately the good weather looked as though it had passed by the secondly week and it was clear that I was going to h ave to find something to do which meant that I would not be caught out in the rain. It had been suggested to me that I make a visit to the Metreon, which is a Sony Entertainment Centre. Home to a twelve screen cinema, an IMAX theatre and several gadget shops and restaurants, it did not even seem possible that I had walked past the building many time not realising what it was.Set within the financial district of San Francisco, the building is fairly inconspicuous surrounded by huge skyscrapers. Yet, once inside the building it is not easy imagining how I missed it. Hundreds of people crowding around games consoles waiting to try out a brand new game, a mile long queue for the cinema and the IMAX theatre, the place was heaving. I had never seen a place so busy, yet from the outside the building did not look like anything special. Those that wanted to escape the hubbub that was going on inside the Metreon, were sat quietly in the gardens that surrounded it.The Yerba Buena gardens provi de placidness for the people who want to escape the noise of the city and just relax for an hour on their dinner break. I was beginning to see a resemblance to New York within San Francisco, since the intercultural relations were more or less the same and Central Park offers New York the same sort of tranquillity that the Yerba Buena Gardens do to San Francisco. Yet, all the while that I was making these comparisons and finding similarities between the two, I found that San Francisco is far more relaxed and laid back than New York or any other city that I have visited.I do not know whether it is the people that live there or the way the city is governed, but for some reason laid back nature works for the city. Even the homeless make ends meet, they have their own community and get on with the life they lead, that is the one thing I wish had not bothered me if the first few days in the city. In the end I learnt not to expect anything during my trip, because it always turned out to surprise me and mainly in a good way. Previous visits to America had led me to believe that the Americans were extremely fake and narrow minded, yet whilst visiting San Francisco I saw no evidence of that.Maybe that is where the east and west coast divide tends to lie, since many holidaymakers from Europe mainly visit the easterly coast of America because it is closer. Tourism brings in a lot of money to the United States from Europe and maybe that is why they try so hard in places like Florida and New York to make you feel welcome but it just comes across as being too pushy and fake. However, a city like San Francisco with its open-mindedness to sexuality, race and religion was going to be entirely different from the beginning and it certainly was.The whole temperament of the city flows like the water around it, silence and gentle yet perhaps a little rough around the edges. Overall, If I could have changed my trip for the better, I would have become a commuter for two weeks and stayed across from the city and travelled in if and when I wanted to. However, I am glad that I stayed right within the heart of the city and witnessed the good things and the bad, yet most of the time there was hardly any bad. From what I saw of California, I liked very much and would not pause to go back at any given chance.I think it is important to see more than one aspect of a country and given the chance I would like to explore the state much more thoroughly, perhaps visiting Steinbeck Country and Yosemite Valley. With enough time and money I think if you really want to explore California it can be done, but finding the above is not easy unfortunately. I recommend that San Francisco should be on everybodys list of places to see before they die, it truly is a remarkable city and if its variety that you want, this place has it.

Is this a fair that Men and Women are becoming more equal

It is true to say that often through out epoch, in various circumstances and situations, individuals have been discriminated found on their gender. We would think that after numerous years of battle for equality, we would have reached the point where the role of men and women at home merged and the different responsibilities shared. Although thither is no generally accepted way of measuring inequality mingled with husbands and wives, different researchers have measured it in different ways. However, most find subatomic evidence that inequality in marriage has been significantly reduced.Willmott and Young used the word symmetry to describe the duties of husbands and wives as the idea of symmetry describes a sense of balance between the tasks which are carried out. They believe that women took the major responsibilities of domestic labour and child care, men are spending an equal amount of time on home centred activities. Relationships of this fictitious character are known as joi nt conjugal roles whereby tasks are shared.However Willmott and Young have been severely critisized on their assumptions being based on typical, metropolitan white families over looking family diversity present in society. The term symmetry does not represent the idea of equality it is intended to. Evidence illustrates the diversity of modern family structure and so the idea of any family being typical in not very realistic. Apparently their sociology same about from a very masculine stream sociology so a woman who worked outside the house is believed, is still responsible for the home. There is some support for their work where Gershuny, who studied the amount of time spent by couples on domestic labour found that the proportion of housework performed by husbands has increased as wives have taken on give employment. Combining work and family is an important issue not only because it concerns a great part of the population and because it is one of the key issues of equality. It i s also a bountiful problem in the everyday lives of people, because both women and men may have full time jobs.Edgell examined the decision making between husbands and wives and found that women tended to dominate in choices made on the basis of domestic spending and childrens necessities where as men in areas that were considered more important such as moving homes and finance in general. The study of money management carried out by Pahl illustrated that just over a quarter of the couples in her study had this system in which there was a fair degree of equality. According to Duncombe and Marsden many women in their study expressed dissatisfaction with their partners senseal input into the family and most men did not acknowledg that emotion work needed to be done and it again, shows the responsibility placement on women.Concluding evidence on the inequality within family life as suggested by a study by Dunne shows that women are still a long way from achieving equality within marri age. Her enquiry into lesbian households showed that an equitable domestic share of labour can be achieved however it is harder when in a culture that differentiates so clearly between masculinity and femininity stereotypes.Traditional roles that were once commensurate to suit the changes from extended families to nuclear have survived into our own century and as much as some of us would like to see the developments of equality, this will be a slow process. Working life sets conditions on peoples use of time far beyond the workplace and the working hours. We know that integrating these two split of life is one of the greatest challenges parents face in their everyday life. The daily schedule of any family with children is probably among the toughest.

Teen Project

Teen Driving consequents Project Topic Teen Crashes Part 1 Identify the Issue * Why is this problem, especially for teen device drivers? Teens atomic number 18 the ones who are mostly in pickes due to recklessness, drugs, being on the phone, under the influence, and road rage. * Statistics from research regarding teen crash rate. Show that teen have the highest involvement in all types of crashes. 10 teens lose their life every day in crashes.A most of the time it is because they are speeding and and trying to get around the road conditions. Also 65% of teen are on the phone while driving which leads them to not paid attention and lose control over their vehicle. * How is one organization or group trying to solve this problem? Name group and what they are doing. Partnering with rock-steady Teen Driving Club is another organization that communicates with parents and teens to tell the effects of certain things they are trying to reduce deaths of teen drivers. How another organiza tion or group is working to solve the problem? Name the group and what they are doing. Injury and Violence Prevention and Control. They are and organization that tries to teach driver the dangers rate of road carelessness. * Web sites where this information was found. http//roadreadywatchdog. com/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=57 http//www. safeteendrivingclub. org/stdc_page. php? age_ID=1151903270Partner_Programs http//www. cdc. gov/injury/index. html Part 2 Solutions for the Issue * Something else that should be make to help solve or curb the problem. You should have to be 18 before you can purchase a car and have insurance on it because until then you should be under you parents care , they are still aloud to drive just under much restriction and they have to discover the rules and speed limits and if pulled over more than twice their license will be revoked My own ideas for solving this problem. This may not be something that is currently being don e more restrictions to help out guide the teens in a better directions * What I can personally do to make more people informed of this issue? I would have to speak up and show the DMV or anyone else to show how much better it would be for the teens to have a little more restrictions.

Moral absolutism Essay

The choices we constrain in our everyday life every last(predicate) swallow to do with our ethics. In this paper the topic will discuss the similarities and differences amid virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. In order to understand the similarities, and differences of virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics we must firstly define them. Virtue theory is defined as a moral excellence. It is a positive trait quality demand to be morally nice and is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. It takes the viewpoint that in living your life you should try to cultivate excellence in all that you do and all that others do.Utilitarianism is a theory that suggests that an action is morally right when that action produces more utility for the group than any other alternative. We bring to understand what our consequence would be based on our choice. When we make the right choice we will get a positive consequence and are acting morally if we make the wrong choice the consequences will be acting immorally. Deontological moral is focused on loyalty to independent moral rules or duties. To make the right choices we need to comprehend what our duties are and the rules of our moral perspective.This is a matter of what we view to be moral or immorally based on our beliefs. The similarities between the three theories represent the good in people and how they strive for excellence. The differences are with virtue theory describes a persons character, cultivating excellence in all we do. Utilitarianism addresses ethical and morality issues by addressing the balance of good over bad consequences.The morality associated with this theory suggests actions that produce a total utility for the group. Deontological ethics guard a definition of a definition of a persons dedication to recognize moral duties. In my current position as an sponsor manager I am often put in a situation that includes some type of confidentiality with an associate that falls under me.If I am told about a certain situation that an associate is having in their personal life I have been told in trust and this be unethical for me to declaim everyone else what is going on. Also when I have to write up any associate for work performance, that should be kept between me and that associate. For me to be able to bread and butter my word about a particular situation involving any of my associates consist of moral concepts. Values, virtues, and ethics distinguish those actions as being morally right or morally wrong.

Bells Chemicals Coursework

Bells Chemicals is at present facing a major(ip)(ip) problem that it had never faced since its inception. As I assume been buildn the responsibility to sort it out, I bequeath work to the best of my knowledge and capabilities in arriving at an provide finale. The four-member team appointed to decide which of the two apparatuss (Chemex and AFU) to purchase for its oldest product Preserve, has non been successful in doing so.All the four members have their own viewpoints and the situation has be dumbfound very confusing. The machines in the Preserve unit of measurement have non been replaced ever.They were performing well all these ten years, provided now there is breakdown of one of the machines. at that place are two choices for the company i. e. buying the Chemex machine (the one that was being employ all these years) again or to go for the impudent AFU unit. Arriving at a correct decision is the problem. Had the company made an autocratic decision there would have be en no need to consult its key professionals. But this approach would have been termed unfriendly. The friendly approach has some of the disadvantages like the current dilemma.However, holding aside other things, coming up with a perfect solution is the need of the mo now. I think the company should go for the Chemex machine. This decision of mine can be characterised as the rational way of decision-making. The Normative Decision devising stupefy i. e. defining a problem and rigorously working around it has helped me in arriving at this decision. I have optimized as much as possible to come to a decision beneficial to the organisation. The rational approach of problem solving is the path I have taken. Main body of the report Mr. Steve Bell is not much interested in getting funds from outside.Especially when the company had recently financed most of its capital investments from its own retained profits, for products and capital investments for other products of the company. Capita l ask to install a new Chemex machine is much lower than the AFU unit. Not only this, by installing the Chemex machine the company will also be saved with the hassle and stress of taking its first short term loan. The funding of regular operations of the company all round the year will get affected as the company has exhausted accumulated profits in developments and expansion of other products.Hence this financial year, internal funding is a major issue too. Operating address of AFU unit is extremely expensive when compared to the operating cost of the Chemex. machine. At the present market stage it is impossible for the company to hiding additional cost of ? 18000 as operating cost against advantages, which are not very well defined. If we go through the viewpoints of the marketing manager we can issue forth the following information about our present and expect market. Companys performance need for current market 90000 Kg Companys production need for expected market 100000 K g Annual market need for current market 200000 Kg Annual market need for expected market 250000 Kg When compared to the production and selling cost estimate of ? 320 per Kg for AFU unit to production and selling cost of ? 350 for Chemex machine, the AFU unit brings forward a brighter picture. likewise with the AFU unit production and selling cost can be reduced by ? 2700000 a year at current production rate but we cannot neglect the high acquisition and operating cost attached to the AFU unit either.Retaining present market share should be the current goal of the company keeping in mind the emergence of new competitors in the market. The chief chemist has been trying to modify the product Preserve so that it can be used in wider ranges of food products, but has not been successful yet. The increase in market demand at this market stage can also not be predicted. Therefore demand for increase in production is out of the way. Hence for the next couple of years it is advisable to in stall a new Chemex machine instead of the AFU unit to satisfactorily cover the market growth.Why to waste bullion on an expensive machine when a cheaper one can see to it the requirements successfully? Quality is one of the major issues for the marketing manager with new competitors in the horizon. The marketing manager will naturally aim to increase, or at least retain his market share for the best benefits. If the AFU unit is installed then, there will be a major quality inconsistency. Chances are that the other Chemex machine that is giving good performance and the new AFU unit will produce different qualities of the same product. This is quiet normal because two different machines can give different end results.The integrity of the company will become questionable then. Customers will find two different items in two similarly encase products. They might react negatively in this situation and chances are they might even turn to the products of our competitors. This is a big p rice to pay if AFU is installed. Installing AFU unit has one advantage and that is it does not require expenditure in quality control as it has an automatic quality control system. On the other slip by the recruited technicians of the company do the quality control of the Chemex machines.They are the regularly paid staff. With the installation of the AFU unit they will have to be paid the same money for half of the their actual work. Their salary cannot be cut down as chances of revolt in the company can erupt because they will never drop by the wayside a cut in their salaries for no fault of theirs. Hence from this angle too it is a more intelligent step to go for the Chemex machine instead of the AFU unit. Keeping the high cost of the AFU unit, its guardianship will probably be good but we cannot be sure without testing it.Chemex machines require regular maintenance but this is not a problem for the company. Since Chemex is a local company, any breakdown is immediately rectifi ed. After working with the Chemex machines for such a long menses of time, the technicians have also become experts in handling its minor problems to a great extent. But the breakdown of the AFU unit will become a major headache for the company for sometime. Each time anything will go wrong, the company will have to get totally dependent on its manufactures who are not local like that of the Chemex machines.A lot of time will get wasted in all this. Keeping this factor in mind, again the Chemex machine tally over the AFU unit. Another major concern is the after sales service. After Sales Service of Chemex has been tested and they have always satisfied the company so the future is secure with this supplier. This cannot be said in the AFUs case at the moment. I have applied Creative Decision Making model, Optimizing model, Kralijicc Purchasing model and of course the Normative Decision Making model while arriving at the decision regarding the purchase of the correct machine.Through Creative Decision Making model I recognized the problem after going through the case study. By going through the viewpoints of the four key members of the SMG team, I coherently arranged the information regarding the two machines. I analyzed the whole problem from different angles with the help of the information I had gathered and arranged. I came out with quintuple solutions of the same problem. Then I went through all the alternatives one by one and chose the most correct option. Through the Optimizing model I was able to hone the alternatives of the problem situation.Since this model is similar to the Creative Decision Making Model and the rational approach that I took, things became easier to sort out. According to Have et. al. (2003, p. 115) The Kralijics (1983) acquire model and the variations developed over the last decades help management select the most appropriate purchasing strategies for different types of products, thereby optimizing the trade-off between cost and r isk. Costs include both the direct and indirect cost of purchasing, for example, management time, and trouble shooting and drawing up contracts. Two basic dimensions are include in Kraljics matrix Impact on financial result Supply risk (or uncertainty) I went through this approach too, to arrive at a strong and appropriate decision. Since requirement of this report was to base it on the Normative Decision Making model I followed the following steps while approach path the decision Defining of the exact problem Setting of the objectives Identifying the alternatives Evaluating appropriately Making choice of the best alternative Sensitivity Analysis Arriving at the best decision Recommendation I recommend the company to go ahead and purchase the Chemex machine.By doing so the company would not only be paying attention to the favourableness of the company, financial viability of the decision but also the satisfaction level of its entire staff. The customer will also remain loya l to the company because they will not find any inconsistency in the products they have got used to since the past ten years. The members of the SMG team who were pro AFU unit will also agree with me if they go through this report as at this stage when we have limited resources and growing number of competitors we should stick to the theory that the old is gold.References Drennan, D. , and Pennington, S. , 1999. 12 Ladders To macrocosm Class Performance how YOUR organization can compete with the best in the world. UK Kogan Page Limited. Fitzroy, P. , and Hulbert, J. , 2005. Strategic Management Creating Value In Turbulent Times. Great Britain pot Wiley & Sons, INC. Have, S. T. , et. al. , 2003. Key Management Models the management tools and practices that will improve your business. Great Britain Pearson Education Limited. Hegde, Y. S. , and Krishna, R. , 1993. The A to Z of Management Skills. New Delhi UBSPD.